Introduction
Turkey has become an attractive destination for individuals seeking to acquire a second citizenship, thanks to its strategic location, robust economy, and cultural richness. The Turkish government offers various pathways to citizenship, including naturalization, marriage, and birth. However, one of the most appealing options for foreign nationals is the acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception. This method allows individuals to obtain Turkish citizenship through investment, employment, or other special circumstances, without the need for long-term residence. This article provides an in-depth examination of the legal framework, eligibility criteria, and benefits of acquiring Turkish citizenship by exception.
1. Legal Framework for Exceptional Citizenship in Turkey
The acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception is governed by the Turkish Citizenship Law (Law No. 5901) and the accompanying regulations. Article 12 of the law outlines the circumstances under which foreign nationals can be granted Turkish citizenship without fulfilling the standard residency requirements. The law aims to attract foreign investment, talent, and resources to Turkey, thereby contributing to the country's economic and social development.
2. Eligibility Criteria for Turkish Citizenship by Exception
Foreign nationals can acquire Turkish citizenship by exception through several avenues, each with specific eligibility criteria. The most common methods include:
a. Citizenship by Investment:
The Turkish government has implemented a citizenship by investment program, which allows foreign investors to obtain citizenship by making a significant financial contribution to the Turkish economy. The investment options include:
Real Estate Investment: Purchasing real estate in Turkey worth at least USD 400,000. The property must be retained for at least three years.
Capital Investment: Making a minimum fixed capital investment of USD 500,000 in a Turkish company.
Bank Deposit: Depositing at least USD 500,000 in a Turkish bank, with the condition that the funds remain in the account for a minimum of three years.
Government Bonds: Purchasing government bonds or treasury bills worth at least USD 500,000 and holding them for three years.
Job Creation: Establishing a business in Turkey that creates employment for at least 50 Turkish citizens.
b. Citizenship by Employment:
Foreign nationals who are employed in Turkey and possess extraordinary skills or qualifications in fields such as science, technology, culture, or sports may also be eligible for Turkish citizenship by exception. The applicant must demonstrate that their work significantly contributes to Turkey's interests and that their presence in the country is of strategic importance.
c. Citizenship by Marriage:
While marriage to a Turkish citizen does not automatically confer citizenship, foreign nationals who have been married to a Turkish citizen for at least three years and have established a family union in Turkey can apply for citizenship by exception. The applicant must also demonstrate that they have integrated into Turkish society and have no criminal record.
d. Citizenship by Adoption:
Foreign minors adopted by Turkish citizens can acquire Turkish citizenship by exception, provided that the adoption does not pose a threat to public order or national security.
3. Application Process for Turkish Citizenship by Exception
The process of acquiring Turkish citizenship by exception involves several steps, which must be carefully followed to ensure a successful application.
a. Submission of Application:
The application for Turkish citizenship by exception must be submitted to the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management (İl Göç İdaresi Müdürlüğü) or to Turkish consulates abroad. The application should include the following documents:
A completed application form.
A valid passport or travel document.
Proof of the qualifying investment, employment, or other exceptional circumstances.
A residence permit (if applicable).
A medical report confirming the applicant's good health.
Recent biometric photographs.
A police clearance certificate from the applicant's home country.
b. Evaluation and Approval:
Once the application is submitted, it undergoes a thorough evaluation process. The Ministry of Interior reviews the application, conducts background checks, and assesses the applicant's eligibility based on the criteria outlined in the Turkish Citizenship Law. If the application is approved, the applicant is invited to take an oath of allegiance to the Republic of Turkey.
c. Issuance of Citizenship:
Upon approval and completion of the oath, the applicant is granted Turkish citizenship and receives a Turkish passport and national identity card. The new citizen enjoys all the rights and privileges of Turkish nationality, including the right to reside, work, and vote in Turkey.
4. Benefits of Acquiring Turkish Citizenship by Exception
There are numerous benefits to acquiring Turkish citizenship by exception, making it an attractive option for foreign nationals.
a. Visa-Free Travel:
Turkish citizens enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 110 countries worldwide, including popular destinations in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This makes Turkish citizenship a valuable asset for individuals seeking greater global mobility.
b. Right to Live and Work in Turkey:
As a Turkish citizen, individuals have the right to live, work, and study in Turkey without any restrictions. They can also benefit from Turkey's robust healthcare and education systems.
c. Dual Citizenship:
Turkey allows dual citizenship, enabling individuals to retain their original nationality while enjoying the benefits of Turkish citizenship. This is particularly advantageous for investors and businesspeople who wish to maintain ties with their home country.
d. Access to the European Union:
While Turkey is not a member of the European Union, its citizens benefit from the Customs Union agreement with the EU, which facilitates trade and business opportunities within the European market.
e. Pathway to Citizenship for Family Members:
Once an individual acquires Turkish citizenship by exception, their spouse and children under 18 can also apply for citizenship, allowing the entire family to enjoy the benefits of Turkish nationality.
5. Challenges and Considerations
While acquiring Turkish citizenship by exception offers significant advantages, there are also challenges and considerations to keep in mind.
a. Compliance with Turkish Laws:
Applicants must ensure full compliance with Turkish laws and regulations, particularly those related to investment and business activities. Failure to adhere to these laws can result in the revocation of citizenship.
b. Costs and Financial Commitments:
The financial requirements for citizenship by investment can be substantial, and applicants must be prepared to meet these commitments. Additionally, there are costs associated with legal and administrative fees during the application process.
c. Long-Term Residency and Integration:
Although citizenship by exception does not require long-term residency, individuals who plan to live in Turkey should be prepared to integrate into Turkish society. This includes learning the Turkish language, understanding local customs, and participating in the community.
Conclusion
The acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception presents a unique opportunity for foreign nationals to enjoy the benefits of Turkish nationality, including visa-free travel, the right to live and work in Turkey, and access to a vibrant and dynamic economy. Whether through investment, employment, or other exceptional circumstances, the pathways to citizenship are designed to attract individuals who can contribute to Turkey's growth and development.
However, navigating the legal and administrative requirements can be complex, and it is essential to seek professional guidance to ensure a successful application. Our law firm has extensive experience in assisting clients with the acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception. We provide comprehensive legal services to help you achieve your goals and secure your future in Turkey.
For more information or to discuss your specific needs, please contact our legal team. We are here to assist you every step of the way.
Additional Notes:
This article is intended to provide general information about the acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception and should not be construed as legal advice. For specific legal concerns or cases, it is advisable to consult with a qualified attorney.
Comments